Maximilian II stands out among the otherwise strictly Catholic Habsburgs: he was sympathetic to Protestantism – a...

Philip succeeded his father as king of Spain, which at the time also encompassed the Burgundian patrimony, domains in...

On the basis of agreements concluded with his powerful brother Emperor Charles V, Ferdinand I was assigned the...

The third child of Philip the Fair and Joanna of Castile and Aragon, Isabella grew up with her aunt Margaret in the...

Charles V was one of the most powerful European rulers of all times, reigning over territories in Europe and the...

The daughter of Emperor Maximilian I and Mary of Burgundy, she was brought up at the French court. At the age of...

Donna Juana (Joan) of Castile and Aragon was married to Philip the Fair in an alliance arranged between the Spanish...

Philip was the son of Emperor Maximilian I. He was married to the Spanish infanta Juana (Joan) in a double wedding in...

With his policies of war and marriage, Emperor Maximilian I laid the foundations upon which the Habsburgs rose to...

Born after the death of his father King Albrecht II, Ladislaus received the epithet of ‘Postumus’. Only a few weeks...

Following the death of his father, Duke Frederick IV, Sigismund (also called Siegmund) became a ward of his cousin,...

The son of Ernest ‘the Iron’, he ruled over the Habsburg Swabian territories from 1446, but demanded a greater share of...

Lasting fifty-three years, Frederick’s reign was the longest of any king or emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. He was...

As Duke of Austria, Albrecht supported the Roman-German Emperor and Bohemian king Sigismund in his struggle against the...

Frederick ruled over the Swabian territories and Tyrol at the beginning of the fifteenth century. There he gradually...

The only son of Duke Albrecht III, he initially shared power with his cousin Wilhelm. However, he became increasingly...

Ernest fought over his share of the Habsburg patrimony with his brothers William and Leopold IV. He became regent over...

The life of Duke Leopold IV was marked by the numerous family conflicts that arose in the line of his father, Duke...

William’s life was marked by conflicts with his relatives: the eldest son of Duke Leopold III, he initially shared...

During the 1360s Leopold administered Tyrol and the Habsburg Swabian territories. However, he pressed for greater...

The early years of Duke Albrecht III’s reign were marked by the efforts of his brother Leopold III to divide the...

Duke Rudolf IV was the most influential Habsburg of the fourteenth century. Despite his short life of only twenty-six...

In 1355 Duke Albrecht II issued a house regulation which in effect stipulated that the Habsburg lands were indivisible...

The son of King Albrecht I, Leopold pursued his father’s murderers remorselessly. Afterwards he promoted the election...