The daughter of Emperor Maximilian I and Mary of Burgundy, she was brought up at the French court. At the age of...

Archduchess Leopoldine, a daughter of Emperor Franz II (I), was married to the Portuguese crown prince Dom Pedro at the...

The second son of Emperor Ferdinand II, he successfully commanded imperial armies against the Swedes in the Thirty...

The second son of Charles II of Inner Austria, he was originally destined for a career in the Church and became Bishop...

The life of Duke Leopold IV was marked by the numerous family conflicts that arose in the line of his father, Duke...

During the 1360s Leopold administered Tyrol and the Habsburg Swabian territories. However, he pressed for greater...

As a ruler Leopold II was prepared to initiate reforms. Following the death of his father, he became regent of the...

The son of King Albrecht I, Leopold pursued his father’s murderers remorselessly. Afterwards he promoted the election...

Leopold I became emperor after the sudden death of his brother Ferdinand IV. Originally destined for a career in the...

Born after the death of his father King Albrecht II, Ladislaus received the epithet of ‘Postumus’. Only a few weeks...

Karl Ludwig spent the whole of his life overshadowed by his older brothers Emperor Franz Joseph and Maximilian of...

Karl became the heir to the throne after the death of his uncle Franz Ferdinand in 1914, and emperor following the...

Archduke Karl, a son of Leopold II, was originally destined for the Church. However, in his youth he developed military...

Joseph II is one of the best-known representatives of Enlightened Absolutism. As a monarch he was indebted to the ideas...

The ‘young court’ around the ambitious Joseph pressed for political reforms even while Emperor Leopold I was still on...

The nephew of the Habsburg king Albrecht I, he received the epithet of ‘the Parricide’, meaning ‘killer of a relative...

A brother of Emperor Franz II (I), Johann played an important role in the struggle to liberate Tyrol led by Andreas...

Donna Juana (Joan) of Castile and Aragon was married to Philip the Fair in an alliance arranged between the Spanish...

Highly educated and musical, Isabella of Parma grew up in Spain and Parma. She entered a politically arranged marriage...

The third child of Philip the Fair and Joanna of Castile and Aragon, Isabella grew up with her aunt Margaret in the...

Frederick ruled over the Swabian territories and Tyrol at the beginning of the fifteenth century. There he gradually...

Frederick ‘the Fair’, son of King Albrecht I, endeavoured to succeed his father as Roman-German King. However, in 1322...

Lasting fifty-three years, Frederick’s reign was the longest of any king or emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. He was...

The son of Emperor Franz II (I) and younger brother of Emperor Ferdinand I, he was a member of the Privy State...